Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription or Fee Access

Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio-An Attempt

M. Hemalatha, Jayashree Kannan, R. Ishwarya, Dr.V. Prithviraj

Abstract


This report demonstrates a non coherent spectrum sensing technique in Cognitive Radio. Cognitive radio is the upcoming technologies which possess immense potential that considers the increasing opportunistic use of licensed frequency spectrum in the near future. It promises efficient spectrum resource utilization, achieved by sensing the unused spectrum bands. Cognitive radio finds the licensed users in the network by sensing the spectrum individually. One of the most challenging issues in Cognitive Radio is spectrum sensing. Various spectrum sensing techniques are described below in each section. The presence or absence of signal is detected by Energy Detection method. In this method, the energy of the signal is sensed and it is compared with the threshold value. The sensing is illustrated using Receiver Operating Characteristic curve(ROC curve) which shows the relationship between sensitivity and specificity. The performance of detection for various SNR of signal is summarized with the probabilities: Probability of Detection and Probability of false alarm. An attempt is made and results are verified with the standard ROC curves.

Keywords


Cognitive Radio, Spectrum Sensing, Energy Detection, ROC Curve, Probability of Detection and Probability of False Alarm.

Full Text:

PDF

References


B.Fette, “Introduction to Cognitive Radio,” SDR Forum Technical Conference 2005, Nov. 14-17, Orange Country,CA.

S.Haykin, “Cognitive Radio Brain Empowered Wireless Communications,” IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 23, No.2, Feb. 2005.

[IEEEUSA_03] ”Improving Spectrum Usage through Cognitive Radio Technology.” IEEE USAPosition Nov13, 2003

M.Kokar, D.Brady, K.Baclawski. “Roles of Ontologies in Cognitive Radios” in Cognitive Radio Technology, B.Fette,ed., Elsevier,2006.

Nisha Yadav, Suman Rathi ,”Spectrum Sensing Techniques: Research, Challenge and Limitations” , ISSN : 2230-7109(Online) IJECT Vol. 2. Issue, Oct, - Dec, 2011

Tevfik Yucek and Huseyin Arslan, “A Survey Of Spectrum Sensing Algorithms for Cognitive Radio Applications”, IEEE COMMUNICATIONS & TUTORIALS, VOL .11, NO. 1, FIRST QUARTER 2009

Mansi Subhedari and Gajanan Birajdar, “Spectrum Sensing Techinques in Cognitive Radio Networks: A Survey”, International Journal of Next-Generation Networks(IJNGN) Vol.3 , No. 2, June 2011

Ianf. Akyildiz, Brandon F. Lo, Ravikumar (2011), “Cooperative spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks: A survey, Physical Communication” , pp:40-62.

Shahzad A. et. al. (2010), “Comparative Analysis of Primary Transmitter Detection Based Spectrum Sensing Techniques in Cognitive Radio Systems,” Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 4(9), pp: 4522-4531, INSInet Publication.

Danijela Cabric, Shridhar Mubaraq Mishra, Robert W. Brodersen,”Implementation Issues in Spectrum Sensing for Cognitive Radios” Berkeley Wireless Research Center

“Cyclostationarity –based methods for the extraction of the channel allocation information in a spectrum pooling system”, in Proc. IEEE Radio and wireless Conf. , Atlanta,Geogia , USA ,Sept.2004,pp. 279-282.

M.Ghozzi, F.Marx, M.Dohler , and J.Palicot, “Cyclostationarity based test for detection of vacant frequency bands, “ in Proc.IEEE Int.Conf.Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks and Commun.(Crowncom), Mykonos Island , Greece , June 2006.

F. Zeng, Z. Tian, C.Li(2010), “Distributed compressive wideband spectrum sensing in cooperative multi-hop cognitive networks”, in : Proc.OfIEEE ICC 2010, pp:1-5.

Q.Zou, S.Zheng, A.Sayed (2009), “Cooperative spectrum sensing via sequential detection for cognitive radio networks”, in: Proc. OfIEEE 10th Workshop on Sinal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications, 2009, SPAWC‟09, pp: 121-125.

M.Di Renzo, L.Imbriglio, F.Graziosi, F.Santucci(2009), “Cooperative spectrum sensing over correlated log-normal sensing and reporting channel”, in: Proc. Of IEEE GLOBECOM, pp:1-8.

H.Tang, “Some physical layer issues of wide-band cognitive radio systems,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Symposium on New Frontiers in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks,Baltimore,Maryland,USA, Nov. 2005,pp. 151-159

Danda B. Rawat and Gongjun Yan, “Spectrum Sensing Methods and Dynamic Spectrum Sharing in Cognitive Radio Networks: A Survey”, International Journal of Research and Reviews in Wireless Sensor Networks Vol. 1,No. 1, March 2011

S.Shankar , C.Cordeiro, and K.Challapali , “Spectrum agile radios : utisation and sensing architechtures”, in Proc.IEEE Int .Symposium on New Frontiers in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks,Baltimore, Maryland, USA, Nov .2005, pp. 160-169.

Y.Yuan , P.Bahl , R.Chandra, P.a. Chou, J.I.Ferrell, T. Mos cibroda, S.Narlanka, and Y.Wu,”KNOWS: Cognitive radio Networks over white spaces”,in Proc.IEEE Int Symposium on New Frontiers in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks , Dublin , Ireland ,Apr.2007,pp.416-427.

F.Digham, M.Alouini, and M.Simon.”On the Energy detection of unknown signals overfading channels,” in Proc.IEEE Int .Conf .Commun,.vol.5,Seattle , Washington , USA, May 2003,pp.3575-3579.

J.Lehtom”aki,” Analysis of energy based signal detection,” Ph .D. dissertation, University of Oulu, Finland, Dec.2005.

J.Lehtom‟aki ,J.Vartiainen , M.Juntti, and H.Saarnisaari,”Spectrum sensingwith forward methods,”in Proc .IEEE Military Commun.Conf .,Washington , D.C., UA, Oct ,2006,pp.1-7.

T.Y”ucek and H.Arslan,”Spectrum characterization for opportunistic cognitive radio systems”, in Proc .IEEE Military Commun.Conf, Washington, D.C., UA, Oct ,2006,pp.1-6.

X.Liu and S.Shankar, “Sensing based opportunistic channel access”, Mobile Networks and Applications, vol.11, no.4, pp.577-591, 2006.

Refik Faith US, ”Spectrum sensing techniques for cognitive radio systems with multiple antennas”, 25 June 2010.

Rahul Tandra and Anant Sahai,”SNR Walls for signal detection, IEEE Journal of selected topics in signal processing, Vol 2, No 1, February 2008.

J.Lehtom”aki, M.Juntti, H.Saarnisaari, and S.Koivu, “Threshold setting stratagies for a quantised total power radiometer”, IEEE Signal Processing Lett,.vol12,no.11,pp.796-799,Nov.2005.

M.Abramowitz and I.Stegun, Eds.‟ Handbook of Mathematical Functions With Formulas, Graphs, and Mathematical Tables,9th ed.National Bureau of Standards,1970.

A.Sahai, N. Hoven, and R.Tandra, “Some fundamental limits on cognitive radio” in Proc .Allerton Conf.on Commun, Control, and Computing, Monticello, Illinois, Oct.2004


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.