Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription or Fee Access

Automated Irrigation System with Pesticide Control using a Wireless Sensor Network and GSM Module

R. Gokila

Abstract


An automated irrigation system is used to optimize water use for agricultural crops. The system has a distributed wireless network of soil-moisture and temperature sensors placed in the root zone of the plants. In addition, a gateway unit handles sensor information, triggers actuators, and transmits data to mobile phone through GSM. The pesticide monitor unit uses a load cell sensor to measure quantity of the pesticide for the crop. An algorithm was developed with threshold values of temperature, soil moisture and load cell values which is programmed into a microcontroller-based gateway to control water quantity and pesticide. Analysis has been done to understand the crop production on a particular land and the requirement of water and pesticide for a particular crop is studied and the values are programmed into a microcontroller. Because of its energy autonomy and low cost, the system has the potential to be useful in water limited geographically isolated areas.


Keywords


Automation, Pesticide, GSM, Irrigation, Measurement, Water Resources, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs).

Full Text:

PDF

References


W. A. Jury and H. J. Vaux, “The emerging global water crisis: Managing scarcity and conflict between water users,” Adv. Agronomy, vol. 95, pp. 1–76, Sep. 2007.

X. Wang, W. Yang, A. Wheaton, N. Cooley, and B. Moran, “Efficient registration of optical and IR images for automatic plant water stress assessment,” Comput. Electron. Agricult., vol. 74, no. 2, pp. 230–237,Nov. 2010.

G. Yuan, Y. Luo, X. Sun, and D. Tang, “Evaluation of a crop water stress index for detecting water stress in winter wheat in the North China Plain,” Agricult. Water Manag., vol. 64, no. 1, pp. 29–40, Jan. 2004.

S. B. Idso, R. D. Jackson, P. J. Pinter, Jr., R. J. Reginato, and J. L. Hatfield, “Normalizing the stress-degree-day parameter for environ- mental variability,” Agricult. Meteorol., vol. 24, pp. 45–55, Jan. 1981.

Y. Erdem, L. Arin, T. Erdem, S. Polat, M. Deveci, H. Okursoy, and H. T. Gültas, “Crop water stress index for assessing irrigation scheduling of drip irrigated broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica),” Agricult. Water Manag., vol. 98, no. 1, pp. 148–156, Dec. 2010.

K. S. Nemali and M. W. Van Iersel, “An automated system for con- trolling drought stress and irrigation in potted plants,” Sci. Horticult., vol. 110, no. 3, pp. 292–297, Nov. 2006.

S. A. O’Shaughnessy and S. R. Evett, “Canopy temperature based sys- tem effectively schedules and controls center pivot irrigation of cotton,” Agricult. Water Manag., vol. 97, no. 9, pp. 1310–1316, Apr. 2010.

R. G. Allen, L. S. Pereira, D. Raes, and M. Smith, Crop Evapotranspiration-Guidelines for Computing Crop Water Requirements—FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 56. Rome, Italy: FAO, 1998.

S. L. Davis and M. D. Dukes, “Irrigation scheduling performance by evapotranspiration-based controllers,” Agricult. Water Manag., vol. 98, no. 1, pp. 19–28, Dec. 2010.

K. W. Migliaccio, B. Schaffer, J. H. Crane, and F. S. Davies, “Plant response to evapotranspiration and soil water sensor irrigation schedul- ing methods for papaya production in south Florida,” Agricult. Water Manag., vol. 97, no. 10, pp. 1452–1460, Oct. 2010.

J. M. Blonquist, Jr., S. B. Jones, and D. A. Robinson, “Precise irrigation scheduling for turfgrass using a subsurface electromagnetic soil moisture sensor,” Agricult. Water Manag., vol. 84, nos. 1–2, pp. 153–165, Jul. 2006.

O. M. Grant, M. J. Davies, H. Longbottom, and C. J. Atkinson, “Irrigation scheduling and irrigation systems: Optimising irrigation effi- ciency for container ornamental shrubs,” Irrigation Sci., vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 139–153, Jan. 2009.

Y. Kim, R. G. Evans, and W. M. Iversen, “Remote sensing and control of an irrigation system using a distributed wireless sensor network,” IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 57, no. 7, pp. 1379–1387, Jul. 2008.

Y. Kim and R. G. Evans, “Software design for wireless sensor-based site-specific irrigation,” Comput. Electron. Agricult., vol. 66, no. 2, pp. 159–165, May 2009.

D. K. Fisher and H. A. Kebede, “A low-cost microcontroller-based system to monitor crop temperature and water status,” Comput. Electron. Agricult., vol. 74, no. 1, pp. 168–173, Oct. 2010.

Y. Kim, J. D. Jabro, and R. G. Evans, “Wireless lysimeters for real- time online soil water monitoring,” Irrigation Sci., vol. 29, no. 5, pp. 423–430, Sep. 2011.

O. Mirabella and M. Brischetto, “A hybrid wired/wireless networking infrastructure for greenhouse management,” IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 60, no. 2, pp. 398–407, Feb. 2011.

I. F. Akyildiz, W. Su, Y. Sankarasubramaniam, and E. Cayirci, “A survey on sensor networks,” IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 40, no. 8, pp. 104–112, Aug. 2002.

J. Yick, B. Mukherjee, and D. Ghosal, “Wireless sensor network survey,” Comput. Netw., vol. 52, no. 12, pp. 2292–2330, Aug. 2008.

M. Winkler, K.-D. Tuchs, K. Hughes, and G. Barclay, “Theoretical and practical aspects of military wireless sensor networks,” J. Telecommun. Inf. Technol., vol. 2, pp. 37–45, Apr. /Jun. 2008.

M. P. Durisic, Z. Tafa, G. Dimic, and V. Milutinovic, “A survey of military applications of wireless sensor networks,” in Proc. MECO, Jun. 2012, pp. 196–199.

M. C. Rodríguez-Sánchez, S. Borromeo, and J. A. Hernández-Tamames, “Wireless sensor networks for conservation and monitoring cultural assets,” IEEE Sensors J., vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 1382–1389, Jun. 2011.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.36039/AA032015006.

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.